{"id":1492,"date":"2020-05-05T11:55:31","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T11:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/?p=1492"},"modified":"2022-03-13T13:51:29","modified_gmt":"2022-03-13T13:51:29","slug":"sir-william-hamilton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1502\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?fit=281%2C429&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"281,429\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1587391793&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamilton1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?fit=197%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?fit=281%2C429&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1502\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?resize=197%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?resize=197%2C300&amp;ssl=1 197w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton1.jpg?w=281&amp;ssl=1 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a>\u039f <strong>\u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a1\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong> (William Rowan Hamilton,) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 4 \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1805 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1865, 60 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u00ab\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb. [\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0394\u03c5\u03cc \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9 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\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u0394\u03cd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf 1847, \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1.<br>\u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_1519\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1519\" style=\"width: 233px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1519\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamiltonparents\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg?fit=579%2C416&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"579,416\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588624625&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamiltonParents\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg?fit=300%2C216&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg?fit=579%2C416&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1519\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621-300x216.jpg?resize=233%2C167\" alt=\"\" width=\"233\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg?resize=300%2C216&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonParents-e1588621180621.jpg?w=579&amp;ssl=1 579w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1519\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u039f \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 8 \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf 4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac. \u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u0391\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (Archibald Hamilton), \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03a7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (Sarah Hutton).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, <strong>\u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b7\u03bc\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong>, (James Hamilton) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc  (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trim,_County_Meath\" target=\"_blank\">\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc <\/a>(Trim) , 25 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. \u0395\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac. \u039f \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03ba. \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b7\u03bc\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 15 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 13 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac, \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u0391\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1. \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 &#8230; \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 13, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0386\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bb\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce ( Clairaut) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 15 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u201cPrincipia\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (Newton), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 3 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u039b\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (Laplace). [\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03a4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u0384 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2].<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" data-attachment-id=\"1504\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/newtonsprincipia\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?fit=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,532\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"NewtonsPrincipia\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?fit=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?fit=800%2C532&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1504\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?resize=800%2C532\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/NewtonsPrincipia.jpg?resize=768%2C511&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"586\" data-attachment-id=\"1503\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamiltonvivliosposwn\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?fit=1753%2C1004&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1753,1004\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"HamiltonVivlioSposwn\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?fit=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?fit=1024%2C586&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1503\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110-1024x586.jpg?resize=1024%2C586\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?resize=1024%2C586&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?resize=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?resize=768%2C440&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?resize=1536%2C880&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/HamiltonVivlioSposwn-e1588624425110.jpg?w=1753&amp;ssl=1 1753w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf 1822, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 17 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u00abM\u00e9canique C\u00e9leste\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Laplace (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 0) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Brinkley_(astronomer)\" target=\"_blank\">\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9<\/a> (John Brinkley), \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p> \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03c9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tcd.ie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Trinity College (opens in a new tab)\">Trinity College<\/a> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf 1823, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 18 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 1000 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0393\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Trinity College, \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1825 (19 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd), \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u039d\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03b5\u03ca (Disney). \u0393\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd (Catharine) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 3 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u039b\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1 15 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u0386\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"382\" height=\"550\" data-attachment-id=\"1534\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/catherine-disney\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?fit=382%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"382,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Catherine Disney\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?fit=208%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?fit=382%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1534\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?resize=382%2C550\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?w=382&amp;ssl=1 382w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Catherine-Disney.png?resize=208%2C300&amp;ssl=1 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><figcaption>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u039d\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"145\" data-attachment-id=\"1522\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamiltonyoung\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonyoung-e1588621839412.jpg?fit=96%2C145&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"96,145\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588625078&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamiltonyoung\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonyoung-e1588621839412.jpg?fit=96%2C145&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonyoung-e1588621839412.jpg?fit=96%2C145&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1522\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamiltonyoung-e1588621839412.jpg?resize=96%2C145\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1522\"\/><figcaption>\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc  \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Royal Irish Academy (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ria.ie\/\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Irish Academy<\/a>) \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u00abOn Caustics\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf 1826 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u0386\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00abTheory of System of Rays\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsink_house1-1.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1512\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/dunsink_house1-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsink_house1-1.jpg?fit=200%2C147&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"200,147\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"dunsink_house[1]\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsink_house1-1.jpg?fit=200%2C147&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsink_house1-1.jpg?fit=200%2C147&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1512\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsink_house1-1.jpg?resize=200%2C147\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"147\"><\/a>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ba (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dunsink.dias.ie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dunsink<\/a>) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 21 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8 &#8216;\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf 1827, (22 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5!) \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03ba\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5). \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3-\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8 (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"William Wordsworth (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Wordsworth\" target=\"_blank\">William Wordsworth<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b1, \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ba \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5. (\u039a\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ce \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ce \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd!).<br>\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb \u03a4\u03ad\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c1 \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Samuel Taylor Coleridge (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge\" target=\"_blank\">Samuel Taylor Coleridge<\/a>), \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1832. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039a\u03cc\u03bb\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4 (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Immanuel Kant (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\" target=\"_blank\">Immanuel Kant<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1518\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/dunsnikold\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?fit=594%2C444&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"594,444\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588624173&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"dunsnikOld\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?fit=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?fit=594%2C444&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1518 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?resize=300%2C224\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/dunsnikOld.jpg?w=594&amp;ssl=1 594w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armagh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Armagh<\/a>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1&nbsp; \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03a1\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Romney_Robinson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Romney Robinson<\/a>). \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb (Campbell), \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1830, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 25 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u039d\u03c4\u03b5 \u0392\u03b5\u03c1 (Ellen de Vere) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c3\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba (Curragh) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u039a\u03b9\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c1 (Kildare) 50 \u03c7\u03bb\u03bc \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd, \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9<\/strong> (Helen Maria Boyly) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf  \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf .<br>\u0397 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c3&#8217;\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em> \u038c\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 [\u039c\u03b9\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9], [\u2026] \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [\u2026] \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0397 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c6\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1498\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton_cover\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?fit=320%2C513&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"320,513\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1587391888&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamilton_cover\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?fit=187%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?fit=320%2C513&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1498 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?resize=187%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"187\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?resize=187%2C300&amp;ssl=1 187w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_cover.jpg?w=320&amp;ssl=1 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px\" \/><\/a>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 1832 (27 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd) \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab<strong>\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0391\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>\u00bb (Theory or Systems of Rays) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039f\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7: \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. [\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf index]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"364\" height=\"251\" data-attachment-id=\"1528\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/internalconicalrefraction\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=364%2C251&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"364,251\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588628647&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"internalconicalrefraction\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=364%2C251&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1528\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?resize=364%2C251\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?w=364&amp;ssl=1 364w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/internalconicalrefraction.jpg?resize=300%2C207&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"307\" data-attachment-id=\"1531\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/externalconicalrefraction\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=359%2C307&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"359,307\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588628700&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"externalconicalrefraction\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=300%2C257&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?fit=359%2C307&amp;ssl=1\" data-id=\"1531\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?resize=359%2C307\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?w=359&amp;ssl=1 359w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/externalconicalrefraction.jpg?resize=300%2C257&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0396\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03b9 \u039b\u03cc\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4 (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Humphrey Lloyd (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphrey_Lloyd_(physicist)\" target=\"_blank\">Humphrey Lloyd<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0394\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf \u039b\u03cc\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1833 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong>.<br>[\u039c\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u2026 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd! \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 -1. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd, \u00ab\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9; \u03a4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2! \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf i ( \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf imaginary \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4 ) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 -1. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 -1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9!&#8221; , \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2) \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b1 <a href=\"http:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/imaginary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce<\/a>. ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf 1834 \u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bd<\/strong> (William Edwin) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Dunsink \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 9 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u00ab<strong>Algebra as Science of Pure Time<\/strong>\u00bb \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4! \u0397 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd <strong>Sir<\/strong> \u03c4\u03bf 1835, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 30 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf <strong>\u0391\u03c1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb \u03a7\u03ad\u03bd\u03c1\u03b9<\/strong> (Archibald Henry). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd British Association \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (\u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 10 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9, \u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, <strong>\u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b1 \u0391\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> (Helen Eliza Amelia). \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0397 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1842 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.\u2019\u2019  \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <strong>16 \u039f\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1843<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 (Royal Canal, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u2019\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd <strong>\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd <\/strong>(\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1) \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u2026 \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"953\" height=\"787\" data-attachment-id=\"1496\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/halmilton-discovery-of-quaternions-book\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?fit=953%2C787&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"953,787\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Chris Lazaris&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1588369015&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?fit=300%2C248&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?fit=953%2C787&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?resize=953%2C787\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?w=953&amp;ssl=1 953w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?resize=300%2C248&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Halmilton-Discovery-of-Quaternions-book.jpg?resize=768%2C634&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 953px) 100vw, 953px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0393\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc (Broome Bridge)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" data-attachment-id=\"1540\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?fit=800%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,500\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"44408787052_01bd11cafc_b[1]\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?fit=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?fit=800%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?resize=800%2C500\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1540\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?resize=300%2C188&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/44408787052_01bd11cafc_b1.jpg?resize=768%2C480&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"762\" data-attachment-id=\"1542\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/sean-keating-of-hamilton-800x7621\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?fit=800%2C762&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,762\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800&#215;762[1]\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?fit=300%2C286&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?fit=800%2C762&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?resize=800%2C762\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?resize=300%2C286&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Sean-Keating-of-Hamilton-800x7621-1.jpg?resize=768%2C732&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_Notebook_page.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"621\" height=\"400\" data-attachment-id=\"1499\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton_notebook_page\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_Notebook_page.gif?fit=621%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"621,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hamilton_Notebook_page\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_Notebook_page.gif?fit=300%2C193&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_Notebook_page.gif?fit=621%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_Notebook_page.gif?resize=621%2C400\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1499\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03a4\u03bf 1958 \u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7&#8217;\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Eamon De Valera, \u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"370\" data-attachment-id=\"1505\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/plaque\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?fit=525%2C370&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"525,370\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Plaque\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?fit=300%2C211&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?fit=525%2C370&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?resize=525%2C370\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?w=525&amp;ssl=1 525w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Plaque.jpg?resize=300%2C211&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf 1845, \u03bf \u03a4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u039d\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03b5\u03ca (\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd) \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cc\u03bb \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u03a4\u03bf 1847 (42 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd) \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b7\u03bc\u03c2 (\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5,  \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b3\u03b9&#8217;\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 (\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">To 1853 o \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd, \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p> &#8230;\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03be\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b6\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7. \u0393\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 [\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1] \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u0397 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b7 \u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5. \u0397 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ae\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7. \u0397 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 2 \u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_1497\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1497\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_and_Son.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1497\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton_and_son\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_and_Son.jpg?fit=216%2C278&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"216,278\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hamilton_and_Son\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_and_Son.jpg?fit=216%2C278&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_and_Son.jpg?fit=216%2C278&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1497 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamilton_and_Son.jpg?resize=216%2C278\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"278\"><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u00ab<strong>Elements of Quaternions<\/strong>\u00bb, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 400 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd 2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9. \u039f \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u00bb (Elements) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 (762 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 William Edwin Hamilton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" data-attachment-id=\"1500\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton_stamp\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?fit=552%2C275&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"552,275\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamilton_stamp\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?fit=300%2C149&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?fit=552%2C275&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1500\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?resize=300%2C149\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?w=552&amp;ssl=1 552w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp.png?resize=300%2C149&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td><td><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"218\" data-attachment-id=\"1501\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/hamilton_stamp1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?fit=497%2C361&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"497,361\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hamilton_stamp1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?fit=300%2C218&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?fit=497%2C361&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1501\" style=\"width: 300px;\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?resize=300%2C218\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?w=497&amp;ssl=1 497w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/hamilton_stamp1.jpg?resize=300%2C218&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u039f \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 2 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1865, 60 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0397\u03a0\u0391.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1&nbsp;  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] E.T. Bell , <span style=\"color:#0693e3\" class=\"tadv-color\"><em>Men of Mathematics<\/em>.<\/span>, 1937, Copyright renewed 1965 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] UIta C.Merzbach &amp; Carl B.Boyer , <em><span style=\"color:#0693e3\" class=\"tadv-color\">A History Of Mathematics<\/span><\/em>, 2011, John Wiley &amp; Sons<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] Raymond Flood, Robin Wilson,&nbsp; <em><span style=\"color:#0693e3\" class=\"tadv-color\">The Great Mathematician<\/span><\/em>, &nbsp;2011 Arcturus Publishing Limited<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] Anne van Weerden , <em><span style=\"color:#0693e3\" class=\"tadv-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.annevanweerden.nl\/docs\/pdf%20en%20epub\/Catherine_Disney.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Catherine Disney, a biographical sketch<\/a><\/span><\/em>, 2019 Published by J. Fransje van Weerden <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5] Anne van Weerden , <em><span style=\"color:#0693e3\" class=\"tadv-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.annevanweerden.nl\/docs\/pdf%20en%20epub\/A%20Victorian%20Marriage%20-%20Sir%20WRH%20-%20fst%20ed%20w%20corr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A Victorian Marriage, Sir William Rowan Hamilton<\/a><\/span><\/em>, 2015 Published by J. Fransje van Weerden <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865): Mathematical Papers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emis.de\/classics\/Hamilton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.emis.de\/\/classics\/Hamilton\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Vol I, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam01gravuoft\/page\/n27\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam01gravuoft\/page\/n27\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Vol I\u0399, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam02grav\/page\/434\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam02grav\/page\/434\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Life of Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Vol III, <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam03gravuoft\/page\/2\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/lifeofsirwilliam03gravuoft\/page\/2\/mode\/2up<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sir William Rowan Hamilton, Irish Mathematician And Astronomer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Rowan-Hamilton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Rowan-Hamilton<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sir William Rowan Hamilton <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Rowan-Hamilton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/William-Rowan-Hamilton<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Biographie de William Rowan Hamilton (in French) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bibmath.net\/bios\/index.php?action=affiche&amp;quoi=hamilton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/www.bibmath.net\/bios\/index.php?action=affiche&amp;quoi=hamilton<\/a><\/li>\n<li>William Rowan Hamilton <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Rowan_Hamilton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Rowan_Hamilton<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.maths.tcd.ie\/pub\/HistMath\/People\/Hamilton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.maths.tcd.ie\/pub\/HistMath\/People\/Hamilton\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Irish man who discovered quaternion algebra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/science\/the-irish-man-who-discovered-quaternion-algebra-1.2833168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/science\/the-irish-man-who-discovered-quaternion-algebra-1.2833168<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The next Hamilton <a href=\"https:\/\/thatsmaths.com\/2016\/09\/15\/the-next-hamilton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/thatsmaths.com\/2016\/09\/15\/the-next-hamilton\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sir William Rowan Hamilton <a href=\"http:\/\/gofree.indigo.ie\/~hallinan\/Hamilton\/wr.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/gofree.indigo.ie\/~hallinan\/Hamilton\/wr.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li>William Rowan Hamilton: mathematical genius <a href=\"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/a\/william-rowan-hamilton-mathematical-genius\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/a\/william-rowan-hamilton-mathematical-genius\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Quaternions <a href=\"http:\/\/hamilton2005.ie\/quaternions.html\">http:\/\/hamilton2005.ie\/quaternions.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Hamilton: <a href=\"https:\/\/physicsgg.me\/2015\/06\/07\/%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-hamilton\/\">https:\/\/physicsgg.me\/2015\/06\/07\/%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-hamilton\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af: <a href=\"https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1#%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF\">https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1#%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03af\u03c4\u03c4\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1265\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/evariste-galois\/img_1359\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?fit=1053%2C915&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1053,915\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.2&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;iPhone 6s&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1528300620&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.15&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;25&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.02&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;6&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?fit=300%2C261&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?fit=1024%2C890&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-1265\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487-150x150.jpg?resize=119%2C119\" alt=\"\" width=\"119\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?zoom=2&amp;resize=119%2C119 238w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487.jpg?zoom=3&amp;resize=119%2C119 357w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 119px) 100vw, 119px\" \/><\/a>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2<br>\u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<br>Msc \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, Msc \u03a0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2.<br>Bsc, Ditigal Technology and Design<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f \u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a1\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (William Rowan Hamilton,) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 4 \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1805 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1865, 60 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[164,200,144],"tags":[165,170,171,153,147],"class_list":["post-1492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biographies","category-ireland","category-science","tag-biographies","tag-hamilton","tag-ireland","tag-mathematics","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2. - \u03a3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2...<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2. - \u03a3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u039f \u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u03a1\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd (William Rowan Hamilton,) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 4 \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1805 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1865, 60 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/sir-william-hamilton\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u03a3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-05T11:55:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-13T13:51:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image1.jpg?fit=620%2C330&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Chris\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Christodoulosl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Christodoulosl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Chris\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script 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3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1843,"url":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/ada-lovelace\/","url_meta":{"origin":1492,"position":2},"title":"Ada Lovelace, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1","author":"Chris","date":"15 June 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0397 \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0386\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba, \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0391\u03c5\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0386\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd (Augusta Ada Byron) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2\u00a010 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1815.\u00a0\u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 (\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 27\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u00a0\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u00a0\u039b\u03cc\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0(\u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b6 \u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03ac\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, George Gordon Baron of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;biographies&quot;","block_context":{"text":"biographies","link":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/category\/biographies\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Ada Lovelace","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AdaLovelace3.jpg?fit=429%2C661&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1165,"url":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/digital_-b2b_services_eatgreek\/","url_meta":{"origin":1492,"position":3},"title":"Digital B2B Services Ltd &#038; EatGreek Ltd","author":"Chris","date":"14 September 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u0391\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 -\u00a0Life Science Consultant \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Articles&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Articles","link":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/category\/articles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EatGreek_k1.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EatGreek_k1.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EatGreek_k1.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/EatGreek_k1.jpg?fit=750%2C422&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2801,"url":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/newton-apple\/","url_meta":{"origin":1492,"position":4},"title":"\u039f \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf: \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.","author":"Chris","date":"20 October 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u038c\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03b1\u03ac\u03ba \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd. \u039e\u03b1\u03c6\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac -\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b9\u03bd\u03ba!- \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9. \u00ab\u0391\u03c7\u03b1!\u00bb \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;history&quot;","block_context":{"text":"history","link":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/category\/history\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"\u03a7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/IMG_1359-e1551549963487-150x150.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3623,"url":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/liberties\/","url_meta":{"origin":1492,"position":5},"title":"\u039b\u03af\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 (\u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 &#8211; Liberties), \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf","author":"Chris","date":"1 May 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u0397 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u039b\u03af\u03c6\u03b9 (Liffey) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb (Poddle). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u039f \u03a0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb (\u00c1th Cliath) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \"\u039c\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\" (Dubh Linn), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0394\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03bf. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Ireland&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ireland","link":"https:\/\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/category\/ireland\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/117-HeartLiberties.jpg?fit=749%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/lazaris.net\/lazaris\/chris\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/117-HeartLiberties.jpg?fit=749%2C1200&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, 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